標(biāo)題: 巴貝西蟲病 [打印本頁] 作者: xiaowen0208 時(shí)間: 2008-1-13 14:45 標(biāo)題: 巴貝西蟲病 巴貝西蟲病
Babesiosis
Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt
Translated by
傅小平博士
病因/發(fā)病機(jī)理
Cause & Pathogenesis
· 蜱源性原蟲感染(牛巴貝西蟲、雙芽巴貝西蟲)，特征血管內(nèi)溶血、發(fā)熱、貧血、黃疸和血紅蛋白尿
Tick borne Protozoal infection (Babesia bovis & bigemina) characterized by intravascular hemolysis, fever, anemia, jaundice and hemoglobinuria
· 蜱(牛蜱)是原蟲生活史的一部分
Protozoa spends part of life cycle in tick (Boophilus)
· 發(fā)病率取決于蜱的流行程度，成年牛死亡率為100%
Morbidity depends on tick prevalence but mortality rate can approach 100 % in adults
· 蜱生活史為3周----吸血時(shí)攝入蟲體—傳到卵—再到感染新宿主的幼蟲，通過吐液感染新宿主(裂殖子破壞紅細(xì)胞)
Tick life cycle is 3 weeks – protozoa ingested at feeding ~ passes to egg then to larvae which attaches to new host and infects new host via saliva (merozoites rupture RBC)
· 傳播也可以通過機(jī)械性的方式發(fā)生Transmission also occurs by mechanical means
· 感染能持續(xù)1-2年
Infection persists up to two years
· 馬也可以發(fā)生感染
Infection also occurs in horses
危險(xiǎn)因素
Risk Factors · 對(duì)幼畜危害小
Disease much milder in young animals
· 如果母牛已免疫過，其所產(chǎn)犢牛有6個(gè)月齡的免疫保護(hù)
If dam is immune, calf is protected until six months of age
· 引進(jìn)牛最易感
Introduced naïve cattle are the most susceptible
臨床癥狀
Clinical Findings · 潛伏期為2-3周
Incubation period is 2-3 weeks · 許多幼畜隱性感染
Many young animals have inapparent infections
· 成年牛會(huì)急性爆發(fā)
In adults, acute onset of symptoms
· 高熱，沉郁，心動(dòng)過速，食欲減退，產(chǎn)奶量下降
Fever, depression, tachycardia, anorexia and decreased milk yield
· 粘膜先充血、接著蒼白、最后黃疸
Mucous membranes become congested then pale then jaundiced
· 尿液暗紅、褐色，多泡(血紅蛋白尿)
Urine is dark red, brown and frothy (hemoglobinuria)
· 噴射狀水樣腹瀉
Liquid diarrhea forcefully ejected
· 常24小時(shí)內(nèi)死亡
Often die within 24 hours
· 幸存下來的也要有3周的恢復(fù)期Survivors remain ill for three weeks
診斷
Diagnosis · 臨床特征、該地區(qū)有媒介蜱、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)
Clinical signs and in area with tick vector – laboratory tests
鑒別診斷
Differential Diagnosis
· 無漿體病—無血紅蛋白尿
Anaplasmosis – no hemoglobinuria
· 細(xì)菌性血紅蛋白尿
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
· 產(chǎn)后血紅蛋白尿
Post-parturient hemoglobinuria
· 鉤端螺旋體病
Leptospirosis - hemoglobinuria
· 錐蟲病
Trypanosomiasis
· 泰樂蟲病-血紅蛋白尿
Theileriosis– hemoglobinuria
實(shí)驗(yàn)室和病理學(xué)診斷Laboratory and Pathology
· 血管內(nèi)溶血性貧血
Intra-vascular hemolytic anemia
· 血液姬姆薩染色，看到紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)的蟲體
Giemsa stain of blood to demonstrate protozoa in RBC
· 尸解----- 黃疸，脾腫大，褐色尿
Post mortem- jaundice, enlarged spleen and brown urine
治療
Treatment · 二丙酸咪多卡
Imidocarb dipropionate
· 輸血和支持療法
Blood transfusions and supportive treatment
預(yù)后情況
Prognosis · 主要依賴于紅細(xì)胞壓積 PCV
Depends on PCV
· > 12%時(shí)早期治療效果好
> 12% good if early treatment
· <12%治療效果差
<12% guarded to poor
后遺癥
Sequelae
· 流產(chǎn)
Abortion
· 巴貝西蟲病
Cerebral Babesiosis
預(yù)防
Prevention & Control
· 控制蜱
Control ticks
· 可以用化學(xué)不育劑或活原生動(dòng)物藥進(jìn)行接種
Vaccinate with chemosterilant (Imidocarb) and live protozoa