三丁酸甘油酯可以改善宮內(nèi)發(fā)育遲緩仔豬臟器發(fā)育

畜牧人小李

子宮內(nèi)發(fā)育遲緩（IUGR）通常指圍產(chǎn)期的動(dòng)物因受各種因素的影響，導(dǎo)致胎兒或其器官生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育受阻，降低仔豬出生時(shí)的質(zhì)量和成活率，甚至?xí)绊懽胸i生長(zhǎng)后期的發(fā)育（Longo 等，2014）。豬IUGR的發(fā)生率高達(dá)20%，給生豬生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)了巨大的損失（Wu等，2004）。

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) usually refers to the retarded growth and development of the fetus or its inner organs during the perinatal period due to various factors, which not only reduces the birth quality and survival rate of piglets, but also negatively affected their growth and development after birth (Longo et al., 2014). The incidence of IUGR in pigs is as high as 20%, which causes a huge loss to the pig production (Wu et al., 2004).

Li等（2015）、何等（2016）系統(tǒng)研究了三丁酸甘油酯營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)對(duì)IUGR仔豬的應(yīng)用效果。試驗(yàn)分為三個(gè)處理：正常組（NBW組）為正常仔豬飼喂基礎(chǔ)人工乳，IUGR組為IUGR仔豬飼喂基礎(chǔ)人工乳，三丁酸甘油酯組（IT組）為IUGR仔豬飼喂基礎(chǔ)人工乳+0.1%三丁酸甘油酯。研究結(jié)果如下：

Li et al. (2015) and He et al. (2016) conducted several studies regarding the dietary tributyrinintervention on the IUGR piglets. Three treatments were included in the studies, including the normal group (NBW group, normal piglets + basic artificial milk) , the IUGR group (IUGR piglets + basic artificial milk), and the tributyrin-fed group (IT group IUGR piglets + basic artificial milk + 0.1% tributyrin). The results are as followed:

1、促進(jìn)胰臟和肝臟發(fā)育

Improves the pancreas and liver development

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，IUGR 組乳豬的胰腺和肝臟的重量顯著低于正常組；對(duì)IUGR仔豬采用三丁酸甘油酯（TB）營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)后，胰腺重量較IUGR組提高了31.03% (P<0.05)，肝臟重量較IUGR組提高了52.32% (P<0.05)，與正常組相比均無(wú)顯著差異。IUGR組仔豬的肝臟組織中央靜脈和門(mén)管區(qū)充血較嚴(yán)重，采用三丁酸甘油酯（TB）營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)后，則無(wú)上述變化。

Their results indicated that the weights of pancreas and liver in the IUGR pigs were obviously lower than that in the normal ones (P<0.05), while dietary tributyrin intervention on the IUGR pigs increased the weights of these organs by 31.03% and 52.32% when compared with those in the IUGR pigs consuming normal feed, respectively. The central vein and portal area of liver in the IUGR pigs were seriously congested, while no such pathologic changes were observed in response to dietary tributyrin intervention.

2、改善腸絨毛形態(tài)

Improves the intestinal villi morphology

3、緩解肝臟充血癥狀

Ameliorates the liver congestion  

4、提高胰腺酶活力

Improves the pancreatic enzyme activity

IUGR組仔豬的胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的活性均顯著低于正常組，對(duì)IUGR仔豬采用三丁酸甘油酯營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)后，胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶的活性分別提高了36.92%，52.30%和141.37%。

The activity of trypsin, pancreatic lipase and amylase in the IUGR piglets were obviously lower than those in the normal pigs (P < 0.05), while activity of these three enzyme in the IUGR pigs with dietary tributyrin intervention were increased by 36.92%, 52.30% and 141.37%, respectively.

5、降低肝臟炎性反應(yīng)

Reduces the inflammation response

IUGR仔豬的肝臟中腫瘤壞死因子（TNF-α）與白細(xì)胞介素4（IL-4）的水平高于正常組 （P < 0.05），對(duì)IUGR仔豬采用三丁酸甘油酯營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)后，肝臟中TNF-α和IL-4的含量分別降低了35.20%和20.52%。

The liver contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) were significantly higher in the IUGR piglets than those in the normal ones, while these in the IUGR pigs with dietary tributyrin intervention were reduced by 35.20% and 20.52%, respectively.

6、提高抗氧化能力

Improves the antioxidant capacity  

SOD和GSH是體內(nèi)重要的抗氧化劑和自由基清除劑，GSH-Px是機(jī)體一種重要的過(guò)氧化物分解酶，MDA是體內(nèi)脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化產(chǎn)物之一。對(duì)IUGR仔豬采用三丁酸甘油酯營(yíng)養(yǎng)干預(yù)后， 體內(nèi)SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的活性明顯提高（P < 0.05），MDA含量顯著降低；相關(guān)指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于正常的仔豬。

The SOD and GSH are important antioxidants and free radical scavengers of the body, while GSH-Px is an important organic peroxide decomposition enzyme, and MDA is one the end products of lipid peroxidation. Dietary tributyrin intervention increased the activities of SOD, GSH and GSH-Px, and reduced the MDA content in the IUGR piglets, respectively.

7、提高肝臟線粒體功能
Ameliorates  the mitochondria function of the liver   

線粒體是營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行氧化代謝并產(chǎn)生ATP的部位，也是活性氧自由基產(chǎn)生的主要場(chǎng)所，線粒體在肝臟組織中的含量極高。SDH是三羧酸循環(huán)中唯一嵌入線粒體內(nèi)膜的酶，為線粒體的一種標(biāo)志酶。MDH是一種重要的氧化還原酶，Mn-SOD主要存在于線粒體基質(zhì)中，作為抗氧化劑在機(jī)體防御疾病的過(guò)程中起著重要的作用。試驗(yàn)表明，三丁酸甘油酯可顯著提高IUGR仔豬肝臟SDH、MDH及Mn-SOD的活性。

Mitochondria is the part where nutrients are oxidized and metabolized to produce ATP, and it is the main place where oxygen free radicals are produced as well. Mitochondria content is extremely high in the liver tissues. SDH is the only enzyme embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondrial in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MDH is an important oxidoretase, and Mn-SOD mainly exists in the mitochondrial matrix. As an antioxidant, Mn-SOD plays an important role for diseases prevention inside the body. The results showed that dietary tributyrin intervention increased the activity of SDH, MDH and Mn-SOD in liver of  the IUGR piglets (P < 0.05).

（1）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔豬胰腺、肝臟的重量；

Dietary tributyrin intervention increases the weight of pancreas and liver of IUGR piglets;

（2）三丁酸甘油酯改善了IUGR仔豬腸道的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the intestinal morphology of IUGR piglets;

（3）三丁酸甘油酯緩解了IUGR仔豬的肝臟充血；

Dietary tributyrin intervention relieves liver congestion in IUGR piglets;

（4）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔豬胰酶的活性；

Dietary tributyrin intervention enhances the activity of various pancreatic enzyme in IUGR piglets;

（5）三丁酸甘油酯降低了IUGR仔豬的炎性反應(yīng)；

Dietary tributyrin intervention reduces inflammation responses in IUGR piglets;

（6）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔豬的抗氧化能力；

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the antioxidant capacity of IUGR piglets;

（7）三丁酸甘油酯提高了IUGR仔豬肝臟線粒體的功能。

Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the mitochondrial function of liver of IUGR piglet.

編輯人：楊玲
來(lái)源：浩華生物