影響全價配合飼料的因素

linlin

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">隨著飼料市場競爭的日趨激烈，顆粒飼料的顆粒質量越來越受到重視。用戶要求飼料顆粒外觀光滑，顆粒均勻一致，顆粒硬度適宜，粉化率低，水分符合標準，而這些要求的實現涉及到飼料配方和原料品質、飼料加工工藝及設備等諸多方面。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飼料養(yǎng)分影響制粒</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(1)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">淀粉經過高溫和加水調質以后，可使淀粉糊化，轉化成單糖，提高飼料營養(yǎng)價值，同時還可以起到潤滑、粘結作用，降低顆粒飼料的粉化率，提高顆粒質量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(2)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蛋白質含量是決定顆粒質量的重要因素，一般配方中蛋白質含量較高時易制粒，顆粒質量也較好，因為蛋白質受熱后可塑性、粘性增大，使制粒產量提高、質量好。但當配方中蛋白質含量過高時，吸收蒸汽能力嚴重降低，飼料調質溫度僅為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="60" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，顆粒質量嚴重下降。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(3) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仔豬配合飼料通常添加油脂。飼料中加入適量的脂肪，則飼料通過?？椎牧鲃有院?，摩擦阻力減少，飼料易于成型，且制粒機環(huán)模磨損小，能耗低，顆粒質量好。但飼料中加入的脂肪含量過高，顆粒質量反而下降，因油脂可使飼料粒子間的結合力下降，顆粒易碎裂，貯存電困難。國內飼料制粒工藝流程一般都是在混合機處添加油脂。一般配合飼料中添加油脂以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％為宜。當飼料中需要過量的脂肪時，可采用制粒后噴涂的方式添加。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(4)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般情況下，飼料調質前的水分低于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12.5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％時，其吸收蒸汽的能力較強，調質溫度高，顆粒質量好。粉狀飼料調質后水分在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">15.5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％時效果好。近幾年來，每到新玉米上市時，飼料調質時添加蒸汽困難，制粒生產功耗高。生產率低，飼料顆粒硬度差、粉化率高。針對這種情況，可以采取粉狀配合飼料暫存于制粒中間倉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">16</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小時，使原料間進行充分傳質，然后再制粒，可使飼料吸收蒸汽的能力上升，調質溫度基本可保證在７<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="℃" SourceValue="0" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0">０℃</st1:chmetcnv>以上。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>(5)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉狀飼料中有吸濕性強的原料時，若生產準備時間長，則粉狀飼料的流動性就會嚴重降低，同時，這類飼料制粒性能差，顆粒質量差。例如在生產乳豬料時，加入檸檬酸、乳清粉、代乳粉等原料，由于這些原料遇空氣后極易變粘稠，且遇高溫易焦化，制粒時加蒸汽特別困難，調質溫度低，顆粒質量差。生產這類飼料時，只能采用少加蒸汽快速生產的方法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飼料原料影響顆粒飼料生產效率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一般含脂肪高的原料能提高生產效率，例如大豆粕、花生餅粕；含纖維高的原料會降低生產效率，如谷物酒糟、米糠、甜菜粕；而玉米、大麥、魚粉、小麥細麩、大麥等的成粒能力中等；不過也有例外，例如玉米油粕粉含粗纖維</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11.5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而成粒能力很好，脫水苜蓿含粗纖維</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％左右，而成粒能力中等，小麥粉含脂肪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％左右，而成粒能力也在中等。所以設計飼料配方時應考慮各種原料的成粒能力大小和營養(yǎng)特性進行互補，選擇合適的原料相互搭配。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">飼料配方和原料品質對顆粒質量影響極大。能量飼料和蛋白飼料是主要原料，也是影響顆粒質量的主要因素。目前各種替代蛋白原料例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">DDG</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、啤酒糟、玉米蛋白粉、菌體蛋白、飼料酵母、菜粕、棉粕、血粉、肉（骨）粉、蠶蛹粉等，品質相差較大，致使飼料吸收蒸汽的能力下降，表現為顆粒松散、表面無澤、硬度差、粉化率高。為改善顆粒質量，經常需要在配方中添加增加粘結成分，如小麥、次粉或膨潤土等。加適量的小麥或次面粉效果較好，主要因其富含面筋蛋白和可溶性纖維素，較易于吸收蒸汽而熟化，從而提高顆粒質量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生產工藝設備的影響</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">這里只談與飼料配方設計有關的問題。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小型飼料廠常采用低壓蒸汽鍋爐，其所用蒸汽壓力一般為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.4MPa</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，蒸汽鍋爐也放置于制粒機附近，由于其產量較低，蒸汽管道輸送距離短，制粒機環(huán)?？讖叫。ㄒ话銥椐?lt;/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～ф</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），因而其顆粒質量較好；大型飼料廠由于產量高、設備多，蒸汽鍋爐一般都遠離生產車間，因而其蒸汽輸送管道較長（通常在幾百米），常采用高溫高壓蒸汽，以確保制粒調質時的蒸汽質量。一般使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.8MPa</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">180</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的飽和蒸汽。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">?？字睆郊叭肓襄F孔：在環(huán)模厚度不變的情況下，?？字睆綔p少，則飼料顆粒受擠壓的強度升高，顆粒形整齊、硬度和密度提高、粉化率降低。據資料反映，?？诪棣?lt;/SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～φ</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3mm</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的飼料顆粒對乳豬、雛雞的飼養(yǎng)有益。</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>

wanglf69

配合飼料質量影響因素，多多學習。

zsp123

怎么這么多亂碼啊