飼養(yǎng)方案對(duì)170-250公斤杜洛克公豬的增重、精液性能、性欲和跛腳的影響

畜牧編輯

　　

　　2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(11): 4666-4676
　　飼養(yǎng)方案對(duì)170-250公斤杜洛克公豬的增重、精液性能、性欲和跛腳的影響

　　C. Wang, J. L. Li, H. K. Wei, Y. F. Zhou,J. J. Tan, H. Q. Sun, S. W. Jiang and J. Peng

　　本試驗(yàn)分兩個(gè)階段來探究飼養(yǎng)方案對(duì)170-200公斤（階段一）和200-250公斤（階段二）公豬的增重、精液性能、性欲和跛腳的影響。選取61頭杜洛克公豬分至三個(gè)處理組，每頭試驗(yàn)公豬飼喂15g/d的魚油以維持n-6:n-3脂肪酸的攝入比近似為6.1:1。


　　通過調(diào)節(jié)玉米-豆粕基礎(chǔ)日糧（代謝能為3.11 Mcal/kg）的采食量來控制不同處理組的能量攝入量：1）低能量攝入組（L，n = 20, 7.3Mcal/d的代謝能），2）中能量攝入組（M，n = 20, 7.7 Mcal/d的代謝能），3）高能量攝入組（H，n = 21, 8.3 Mcal/d的代謝能）。在階段二中，三個(gè)處理組的采食量分別增加至7.6、8.2和8.6Mcal/d的代謝能攝入量。

　　在28周的試驗(yàn)期間的檢測(cè)指標(biāo)包括公豬增重、睪丸體積、精液性能、性欲、腳趾狀況、爪病變和跛腳，并且各處理組要記錄淘汰公豬數(shù)來計(jì)算淘汰率。盡管三組公豬的睪丸體積、精子濃度和精子活動(dòng)能力并無差異，但異常精子百分率、爪病變比例和爪病變打分是有差異的（P > 0.05），且在第二階段隨著日糧中能量攝入的增加公豬的平均日增重會(huì)顯著提高。M和H組公豬的總精子數(shù)目和活性精子數(shù)目顯著高于L組公豬（P < 0.05），而M和H組間的并沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著的差異（P > 0.05）。盡管如此，H組公豬要花更多的時(shí)間爬上采精臺(tái)和射精，特別是與L和M組公豬相比表現(xiàn)出更多比例的跛腿（P < 0.05）。因此，中等能量攝入量的飼喂方案改善了公豬的總精子數(shù)目和活性精子數(shù)，同時(shí)降低了170-250公斤杜洛克公豬的跛腿發(fā)生率。

　　Effects of feeding regimen on weight gain, semen characteristics, libido, and lameness in 170- to 250-kilogram Duroc boars

　　C. Wang, J. L. Li, H. K. Wei, Y. F. Zhou,J. J. Tan, H. Q. Sun, S. W. Jiang and J. Peng

　　A 2-period field trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding regimen on weight gain, semen characteristics, libido, and lameness in 170- to 200-kg (period 1) and 200- to 250-kg (period 2) boars. Sixty-one Duroc boars were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments and 15g/d fish oil was also provided for each experimental boar, to maintain then-6:n-3 intake ratio at approximately 6.1:1. The energy intakes of the 3 treatment groups were controlled by basing the feed intake on a corn–soybean meal-based diet (3.11 Mcal/kg of ME) to create: 1) low energy intake group (L, n = 20, 7.3 Mcal/d of ME), 2) medium energy intake group (M, n = 20, 7.7 Mcal/d of ME), and 3) high energy intake group (H, n = 21, 8.3 Mcal/d of ME) in period1. Feed intake was then increased to 7.6, 8.2, and 8.6 Mcal/d of ME for the 3 groups, respectively, in period 2. During the 28-wk experimental period, boar weight gain, testis volume, semen characteristics, libido, toe measurements, claw lesions, and lameness were examined, and the number of boars culled in each group was recorded to calculate the culling rate. Although there were no differences in testis volume, sperm concentration, and motility, the percentage of abnormal sperm, the percentage of claw lesions, and claw lesion scores differed among treatments (P > 0.05), and ADG was significantly increased with the increase of energy intake between the 2 periods (P < 0.05). The Mand H boars had significantly greater total sperm number and functional sperm number than the L boars (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between the M and H groups (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, the H boars took more time to mount the collection dummy and produce an ejaculate and, in particular, showed a greater percentage of lameness than the L and M boars (P < 0.05).Therefore, the medium energy intake regimen (energy intakes of 7.7 and 8.2 Mcal/d of ME with ADG of 454.5 and 375.3 g/d in 2 periods, respectively) improved the total sperm number and functional sperm number, and meanwhile decreased the occurrence of lameness in 170- to 250-kg Duroc boars。
來源：    豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)國(guó)際論壇CSIS 翻譯：李光燃

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