亞麻籽粕的生長豬能值和氨基酸消化率

畜牧人小李

2016. J. Anim. Sci. 94(12): 5295-5307

亞麻籽粕的生長豬能值和氨基酸消化率

Y. F. Chen, F. Wu, P. L. Li, Z. Q. Lyu, L.Liu, M. B. Lyu, F. L. Wang and C. H. Lai

　　本試驗旨在測定亞麻籽粕的消化能和代謝能以及粗蛋白和氨基酸的表觀回腸消化率（AID）和標準回腸消化率（SID）。試驗一中選取66頭雜交豬（杜×長×大；體重為54.2 ± 2.3 kg）完全隨機分組并飼喂11種日糧中的任意一種以測定代謝能和消化能，11種日糧中有一種為玉米-豆粕基礎日糧，另外10種是以29.16%亞麻籽粕替代玉米和豆粕的試驗日糧。試驗二中選用11頭回腸末端裝有T型瘺管的生長豬（35.5 ± 3.4 kg），按 6 × 11堯敦方設計分為6個階段和11種日糧。其中有一種是以玉米淀粉和蔗糖為基礎的無氮日糧，另外10種是以40%亞麻籽粕為唯一氨基酸來源的日糧。試驗采用三氧化二鉻（0.3%）作為指示劑。這10種亞麻籽粕日糧的化學組份各不相同。粗脂肪、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維、粗纖維和鈣含量的變異系數(shù)均超過10%，且氨基酸含量的浮動范圍為7-12%。以干物質(zhì)計，消化能和代謝能的浮動范圍分別為2786-3730 kcal/kg和2588-3530 kcal/kg。總能的全腸道表觀消化率從59.91%至75.83%不等（均值為70.92%）。粗脂肪、總能和中性洗滌纖維是決定消化能和代謝能最好的參數(shù)。最佳預測方程為：消化能 = ?3231 +（1.58 × 總能）?（25.79×中性洗滌纖維百分比）（R2= 0.90）或消化能 = 4189 +（56.78×醚提取物百分比）?（30.59×中性洗滌纖維百分比）（R2 = 0.85）；代謝能= ?2968 +（1.47×總能）?（24.82×中性洗滌纖維百分比）（R2= 0.85）或代謝能= 3931 +（53.77×醚提取物百分比）?（29.31×中性洗滌纖維百分比）（R2 = 0.82）試驗二中，粗蛋白和苯丙氨酸除外的所有氨基酸的表觀和標準回腸消化率均有顯著差異（P < 0.05）。粗蛋白的表觀和標準回腸消化率的平均值分別為70.16%和78.04%。對于必需氨基酸，Thr的表觀和標準回腸消化率是最低的，平均值分別為70.70%和76.68%。Arg和Met的消化率最高，其表觀和標準回腸消化率的平均值分別都在88%和91%以上。Lys的表觀和標準回腸消化率的浮動范圍分別為66.10-81.82%（均值為74.14%）和 70.90-85.41%（均值為78.13%）。這些結果表明試驗中選用的亞麻籽粕的化學組成、能值以及粗蛋白和氨基酸的表觀和標準回腸消化率都有極大的不確定性。亞麻籽粕的消化能和代謝能主要與其粗脂肪和中性洗滌纖維的含量有關。

Energy content and amino acid digestibility of flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs

Y. F. Chen, F. Wu, P. L. Li, Z. Q. Lyu,L. Liu, M. B. Lyu, F. L. Wang and C. H. Lai

This study was conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, the DE and ME were determined using 66 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 54.2 ± 2.3 kg BW) fed 1 of 11 diets in acompletely randomized design. The diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and 10 experimental diets containing 29.16% flaxseed expellers supplemented at the expense of corn and soybean meal. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (35.5 ± 3.4kg), fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, were assigned to 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included a N-free diet based on corn starch and sucrose and 10 test diets containing 40% flaxseed expellers as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker. There was considerable variation in the chemical composition among the 10 flaxseed expellers. The CV were greater than 10% forether extract (EE), NDF, ADF, crude fiber, and Ca and ranged from 7 to 12% for the AA. On a DM basis, the DE and ME ranged from 2,786 to 3,730 and from 2,588 to 3,530 kcal/kg, respectively. The apparent total tract digestibility of GE ranged from 59.91 to 75.83% (mean = 70.92%). Ether extract, GE, and NDF were the best predictors to determine DE and ME. The best prediction equations were DE = ?3,231 + (1.58 × GE) ? (25.79 × % NDF) (R2 = 0.90) or DE = 4,189 + (56.78× % EE) ? (30.59 × % NDF) (R2 = 0.85) and ME = ?2,968 + (1.47 × GE) ? (24.82 ×% NDF) (R2 = 0.85) or ME = 3,931 + (53.77 × % EE) ? (29.31 × % NDF) (R2 =0.82), respectively. In Exp. 2, there were significant differences in the AID and SID of CP and all AA with the exception of Phe （P < 0.05）. The AID and SID of CP averaged 70.16 and 78.04%, respectively. For the indispensable AA, the AID and SID of Thr were the least, with average values of 70.70 and 76.68%, respectively. The digestibility of Arg and Met were the greatest, averaging over 88 and 91% for AID and SID, respectively. The AID and SID of Lys ranged from 66.10 to 81.82% (mean = 74.14%) and from 70.90 to 85.41% (mean = 78.13%), respectively. These results indicate that there is significant variability inchemical composition, energy content, and the SID and AID of CP and AA among the selected flaxseed expellers. The DE and ME of flaxseed expellers are primarily related to their EE and NDF concentrations.

來源：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇CSIS    翻譯：李光燃