生長豬體內腸細胞分化的調節有賴于日糧中纖維的來源

畜牧編輯

　　2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(3): 1179-1190

　　生長豬體內腸細胞分化的調節有賴于日糧中纖維的來源
　　M. Saqui-Salces , Z. Huang, M. FerrandisVila, J. Li, J. A. Mielke, P. E. Urriola and G. C. Shurson

　　飼喂高纖維日糧降低了成本，但也會通過改變腸道形態和功能進而降低熱量和營養效率。本試驗中我們分析了在不同來源纖維的誘導下腸細胞組成、營養轉運載體、受體和細胞分化的變化。將46頭肥豬（初始重84±7kg）分別飼喂以下四種日糧中的一種：玉米-豆粕（對照組；n = 12）、23%麥稈（WS；n = 11）、55%帶可溶物的玉米干酒糟（DDGS；n = 11）和30%豆粕（SBH；n = 12）。試驗豬置于代謝籠中飼養14天，每天飼喂兩次，日飼喂量相當于初始重的2.5%。豬安樂死后將其回腸收集起來進行組織學和基因表達分析。數據分析采用Kruskal–Wallis檢驗，然后進行鄧肯多重比較，


　　當P值小于0.05時認為是差異顯著。通過飼喂SBH日糧腸上皮細胞標記物相較對照組和WS組有所增加（P < 0.03）。飼喂WS和DDGS的育肥豬相較對照組其杯狀細胞更多（P < 0.01），且WS組與SBH組相比豬體內的杯狀細胞也較多（P = 0.02）。DDGS和SBH組豬體內Mucin 2 基因的表達量相較對照組更高（P < 0.05）。對于內分泌細胞和旁氏細胞標記物、絨毛高度和隱窩深度或增值指數并沒有觀測到變化。與對照組相比，通過飼喂WS和DDGS日糧，豬體內針對寡肽、鈣、葡萄糖和果糖的受體、游離脂肪酸受體1、G蛋白偶聯受體119與84的基因表達量都有所提高（P < 0.05）。相較WS和DDGS組，飼喂SBH日糧抑制了鮮味受體的表達（P < 0.005），而與對照組相比，飼喂DDGS也抑制了鮮味受體的表達（P = 0.02）。飼喂DDGS引起豬體內脂肪酸受體2表達量的降低（P < 0.001），而與WS和DDGS組相比，飼喂SBH日糧的豬表現出脂肪酸轉位酶表達量的增加（P < 0.05）。飼喂WS和DDGS日糧誘導了干細胞標記物r-脊椎蛋白受體（LGR5）的表達（P < 0.01），而與對照組相比飼喂DDGS使得嗅介蛋白 4的表達量有所降低（P< 0.02）。與對照組相比δ狀缺口配體4的表達受到所有來源纖維的誘導（P < 0.05）。與對照組相比，飼喂WS和DDGS會導致轉錄因子無調性因素1和Wnt家族3A的表達受到抑制（P< 0.001）。

　　總的來說，飼喂含WS和DDGS的日糧會通過促進杯狀細胞的增生和改變營養受體與轉運載體的表達來調控生長豬體內腸細胞的分化，而飼喂含SBH日糧幾乎無影響。

　　Modulation of intestinal celldifferentiation in growing pigs is dependent on the fiber source in the diet

　　M. Saqui-Salces , Z. Huang, M. FerrandisVila, J. Li, J. A. Mielke, P. E. Urriola and G. C. Shurson

　　Feeding high-fiber diets decreases cost,but also caloric and nutritional efficiency by modifying intestinal morphologyand function. We analyzed the changes in intestinal cell composition, nutrienttransporters and receptors, and cell differentiation induced by fibers fromdifferent sources. Forty-six finishing pigs (BW 84 ± 7 kg) were fed 1 of 4diets: corn-soybean (Control; n = 12), 23% wheat straw (WS; n = 11), 55% corndistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; n = 11), and 30% soybean hulls(SBH; n = 12). Pigs were fed 2 meals daily to an amount equivalent to 2.5% ofinitial BW for 14 d in metabolism cages. Ilea were collected for histologicaland gene expression analysis after euthanasia. Data were analyzed using theKruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons and differencesconsidered significant when P < 0.05. The enterocyte marker was increased (P< 0.03) by feeding SBH compared with Control and WS diets. Goblet cellspresence was greater (P < 0.01) in pigs fed WS and DDGS compared withControl, and in pigs fed WS compared with SBH (P = 0.02). Mucin 2 expressionwas greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed DDGS and SBH compared with Control diet.No changes were observed for endocrine and Paneth cells markers, villus andcrypt length, or proliferation index. Compared with the Control, geneexpression of receptors for oligopeptides, calcium, glucose, fructose, freefatty acid receptor 1, and G protein-coupled receptors 119 and 84 was increased(P < 0.05) by feeding WS and DDGS diets. Feeding SBH diet repressed (P <0.005) the umami receptor compared with WS and DDGS diets, while DDGS repressed(P = 0.02) its expression compared with Control. Pigs fed DDGS had reduced (P< 0.001) fatty acid receptor 2, and those fed SBH showed increased (P <0.05) fatty acid translocase expression compared with WS and DDGS pigs. FeedingWS and DDGS diets induced (P < 0.01) the expression of stem cell markerr-spondin receptor (LGR5), while olfactomedin 4 was reduced (P < 0.02) byfeeding DDGS compared with Control. The expression of delta-like Notch ligand 4was induced (P < 0.05) by all fibers compared with Control. Transcriptionfactors atonal factor 1 and Wnt family 3A were suppressed (P < 0.001) by WSand DDGS compared with Control. In conclusion, feeding diets containing WS andDDGS modulated intestinal differentiation by promoting goblet cells and alteredexpression of nutrient receptors and transporters in growing pigs, whilefeeding SBH had less effect。
      翻譯： 李光燃   來源：豬營養國際論壇CSIS