不同產地（美國、中國、阿根廷、巴西和印度）豆粕其化學組成和氨基酸消化率的差異

IMCTT

　　2017. J. Anim. Sci. 95(4):1626-1636
　　不同產地（美國、中國、阿根廷、巴西和印度）豆粕其化學組成和氨基酸消化率的差異
　　L. V. Lagosa and H. H. Stein

　　本試驗的目的就是為了比較產自美國、中國、阿根廷、巴西和印度的豆粕的營養組分以及飼喂給生長豬時其內含的粗蛋白和氨基酸的表觀回腸消化率和標準回腸消化率的差異。在中國、阿根廷、巴西和美國分別采集到5個豆粕樣品，在印度采集到4個樣品，共24個豆粕樣品。所有的樣品均分析檢測能量、干物質、營養成分并且將每個樣品都設計進入一個玉米淀粉型基礎日糧，在這些日糧中豆粕是作為唯一的氨基酸原料。同時也設計一個無氮日糧。25只閹公豬（初始重為30.53±1.73 kg）的回腸末端裝分別安一個T型瘺管，然后按照25×8尤登方設計分為25種日糧和8個時期。試驗結果表明來自巴西（49.3%）和印度（49.5%）的豆粕中粗蛋白的含量比來自中國（45.1%）、阿根廷（46.7%）和美國（47.3%）的要高（P < 0.05）。除了美國豆粕與中國和阿根廷豆粕相比含有更多的必需氨基酸（P < 0.05）之外，絕大多數必需氨基酸也像粗蛋白一樣遵循的相似的規律。然而，來自印度的豆粕與其它國家的相比含有更多的胰蛋白酶抑制劑（P < 0.05）。來自美國的豆粕與來自巴西、阿根廷和印度的豆粕相比其粗蛋白和大多數氨基酸的表觀回腸消化率和標準回腸消化率都更高一些（P < 0.05），但與來自中國的豆粕相比并無差別。然而由于來自中國的豆粕氨基酸含量低，其內含的回腸標準可消化的氨基酸含量會低于來自美國的豆粕（P < 0.05）。來自美國和巴西的豆粕的標準回腸消化率與來自阿根廷、中國和印度的豆粕相比更加的穩定。總的來說，豆粕中粗蛋白和氨基酸的標準回腸消化率隨產地的不同有所不同，當制作豬料配方時要考慮到不同國家豆粕的差異和變異度。

　　Chemical composition and amino acid digestibility of soybean meal produced in the United States, China, Argentina, Brazil, or India

　　L. V. Lagosa and H. H. Stein

　　An experiment was conducted to compare nutritional composition of soybean meal (SBM) produced in China, Argentina, Brazil, the U.S., or India and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in these SBM when fed to growing pigs. Five sources of SBM from China, Argentina, Brazil, and the U.S., and 4 sources from India were collected for a total of 24 sources of SBM. All samples were analyzed for energy, DM, and nutrients, and each source was included in a corn starch based diet in which SBM was the only AA contributing ingredient. An N-free diet was also formulated. Twenty-five barrows (initial BW: 30.53 ± 1.73 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a 25 × 8 Youden square design with 25 diets and 8 periods. Results indicate that the concentration of CP was greater (P < 0.05) in SBM from Brazil and India (49.3 and 49.5%, respectively) than in SBM from China, Argentina, or the U.S. (45.1, 46.7, and 47.3%, respectively, as-fed basis). The concentration of most indispensable AA followed the same pattern as CP with the exception that SBM from the U.S. contained more (P < 0.05) indispensable AA than SBM from China or Argentina. However, SBM from India contained more (P< 0.05) trypsin inhibitors than SBM from the other countries. A greater (P< 0.05) AID and SID of CP and most AA was observed in SBM from the U.S. compared with SBM from Brazil, Argentina, and India, but there were no differences between SBM from the U.S. and SBM from China. However, because of the lower concentration of AA in SBM from China, the concentration of standardized ileal digestible AA in SBM from China was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM from the U.S. Soybean meal from the U.S. or Brazil had less (P <0.05) variability in SID values than SBM from Argentina, China, or India. In conclusion, the SID of CP and AA is dependent on the country where the SBM is produced. This difference and the variability within each country should be evaluated when formulating diets for pigs.

　　來源：翻譯：李光燃 豬營養國際論壇CSIS