【原創(chuàng)】不同類型玉米和屠宰前禁食時間對斷奶仔豬生長速度和血液指標(biāo)的影響

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　　一個2×2雙因子試驗用于評估日糧玉米類型（糯玉米、普通玉米）和屠宰前禁食時間（2小時、12-16小時）對斷奶仔豬生長速度和血液指標(biāo)的影響。24頭雜交斷奶公豬（平均體重為8.26 ± 0.47 kg）隨機分成4組，每組6個重復(fù)，每個重復(fù)1頭豬。與普通玉米相比，糯玉米中脂肪含量下降，直鏈淀粉：支鏈淀粉比值下降，蛋白質(zhì)、淀粉含量提高。

　　結(jié)果表明：飼喂糯玉米顯著降低了仔豬空腸消化糜的pH、顯著提高了空腸和回腸粘膜中麥芽糖酶活性、顯著提高了回腸粘膜中蔗糖酶活力、顯著提高了胰腺和空腸消化糜中淀粉酶活性，但卻顯著降低了仔豬日糧淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)的總表觀消化率。飼喂普通玉米顯著提高了仔豬斷奶后第二周的平均日增重和平均日采食量，但對整個試驗期內(nèi)的平均日增重、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率無顯著影響。

　　飼喂糯玉米顯著提高了仔豬肝門靜脈血液中葡萄糖水平，顯著降低了肝門靜脈血液中高密度脂蛋白膽固醇水平。與屠宰前禁食12小時相比，屠宰前禁食2小時顯著降低了仔豬空腸、回腸消化糜pH，顯著提高了十二指腸、空腸絨毛高度，顯著提高了十二指腸絨毛高度：隱窩深度比。屠宰前更短的禁食時間還顯著提高了仔豬肝門靜脈血液中葡萄糖、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比率，但顯著降低了肝門靜脈血液中低密度脂蛋白膽固醇比率。

　　這個試驗的結(jié)果表明雖然斷奶仔豬飼喂糯玉米、普通玉米的生長性能相同，但糯玉米提高了肝靜脈血液中葡萄糖水平及降低了高密度脂蛋白膽固醇比率，且屠宰前的禁食時間對斷奶仔豬血液指標(biāo)和腸道形態(tài)均有影響。

　　Effects of corn type and fasting time before slaughter on growth and plasma index in weaning pigs1

　　A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn type (waxy corn [WC] vs. nonwaxy corn [NC]) and fasting period (2 h vs. 12–16 h) before slaughter on growth and plasma index in weaning pigs. Twenty-four crossbred barrows (8.26 ± 0.47 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replications of 1 pig per replicate metabolism cage. Waxy corn contained less fat, a lower amylase:amylopectin ratio, more CP, and more starch than NC. Pigs fed the WC diet had lower jejunum digesta pH compared with those fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Maltase activity in the jejunum and ileum mucosa (P < 0.01), sucrose activity in the ileum mucosa (P < 0.01), and amylase activity in the pancreas and jejunum digesta (P < 0.05) were increased in pigs fed the WC diet relative to those fed the NC diet. But the total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of starch and CP was lower for the WC group (P < 0.05).Ingestion of the NC diet resulted in higher (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI in the second week but did not affect ADG (P = 0.091) and the feed:gain ratio (F:G; P = 0.077) during the whole experiment period. The plasma glucose (P < 0.01) concentration was higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P < 0.01) concentrations was lower in the hepatic portal vein in pigs fed the WC diet relative to those fed the NC diet. Fasting 2 h before slaughter decreased the jejunum and ileum digesta pH compared with the 12-h fasting group (P < 0.01). Villus height increased in the duodenum (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P< 0.05) and the villus height:crypt depth ratio increased in the duodenum (P < 0.05) of pigs after shortening the fasting period before slaughter. Shortening the fasting time before slaughter resulted in higher plasma glucose (P < 0.05) concentrations and a higher HDL-C:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P < 0.05) whereas the LDL-C (P < 0.05) concentrations were reduced in the hepatic portal vein. The results of this experiment indicate that although the production performance of both WC and NC diets is equal, the glucose concentration is higher and HDL-C is lower in the portal vein for the WC diet, and fasting time before slaughter has an influence on the plasma index and intestinal morphology in weaning pigs。

作者：戶啟蔚翻譯
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